Russia’s Federal Law No. 221-FZ of Aug. 8, 2024, formally titled “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation,” is an amending statute that establishes a federal framework for digital-currency mining. The law is in force. Most provisions took effect on Aug. 19, 2024, while the electricity-sector amendments and the miner and infrastructure-operator registry provisions took effect on Nov. 1, 2024. Because No. 221-FZ changes several existing statutes rather than operating as a self-contained mining code, its current effect must be read together with the consolidated legislation and implementing regulations.
Key provisions of Federal Law No. 221-FZ
The law added statutory definitions for digital-currency mining, mining pools, pool organizers, mining infrastructure, infrastructure operators, and identifier addresses. It describes mining as mathematical computation using technical and software-hardware resources to add records to a qualifying information system, with the purpose of issuing digital currency or earning a digital-currency reward for confirming records.
- Business miners: Russian legal entities and individual entrepreneurs may mine or participate in a pool after entry in the miner registry.
- Household miners: Russian citizens who are not individual entrepreneurs may mine without registry entry only while their mining electricity use remains within the government-set limit.
- Infrastructure operators: Russian legal entities and individual entrepreneurs providing mining infrastructure must enter a separate registry.
- Eligibility controls: The law excludes specified persons with relevant convictions or listing under anti-extremism, terrorism, proliferation-financing, or asset-freezing regimes, and applies related integrity tests to legal entities and their owners or managers.
FNS registration and mining reports
The Federal Tax Service now administers the non-public miner and infrastructure-operator registries under implementing rules. Government Resolution No. 1469 sets the unregistered household-mining threshold at 6,000 kilowatt-hours per month. The statutory exception therefore does not remove all regulation from household mining; it is conditional on citizenship, non-business status, energy use, and any applicable regional restriction.
Miners and mining-pool participants must report digital currency obtained through mining and the relevant identifier address. The FNS implementation page states that this information is submitted electronically no later than the twentieth day of the month following receipt of the mined currency. Registry rules were amended in May 2026 to add network addresses used for mining to registry records, with the updated rules in force from May 30, 2026.
Electricity, regional, advertising, and AML controls
No. 221-FZ authorizes the Russian government to prohibit mining or mining-pool participation in specified regions or parts of regions. Its electricity amendments permit restrictions on grid connection and supply for mining in prohibited areas or for business mining conducted outside the required registries; court-ordered reductions can extend to complete disconnection. The law also prevents legal entities and individual entrepreneurs from combining mining with specified electricity transmission, dispatch, generation, or trading activities.
The government has exercised the regional-ban authority through Resolution No. 1869 of Dec. 23, 2024. That schedule has been amended, including a March 2026 measure extending restrictions in designated areas from April 1, 2026, through March 15, 2031. The operative geography should therefore be checked against the current resolution rather than inferred solely from No. 221-FZ.
The statute also prohibits advertising digital currency and goods or services intended to organize its circulation, and bars offers of digital currency or circulation services to an unlimited audience. Separately, it requires an authorized AML body to maintain a list of identifier addresses suspected of connection to money laundering, terrorist financing, or other criminal conduct, and provides government agencies with routes to request address information.
Status, scope, and related Russian crypto laws
Federal Law No. 221-FZ creates a regulated mining perimeter; it does not establish a general right to use cryptocurrency for domestic payments. Its mining-reward exception addresses receipt of digital currency from issuance or mining within the existing statutory framework. The law also contains amendments concerning digital financial assets and foreign digital rights, although this profile focuses on mining.
As of June 22, 2026, the law remains in force and its registry, reporting, electricity, and regional-control mechanisms are operational. It should be distinguished from Russia’s separate experimental legal regime for selected cross-border digital-currency settlements and from later tax legislation for mining income and reporting. No fixed statutory sunset or review date was identified in the sources reviewed.