Filing Your Crypto Taxes 101 🚨 This article is 6 years old...
Filing Your Crypto Taxes 101
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Updated: Jan. 3, 2019 at 7:10 pm UTC
Cover art/illustration via CryptoSlate. Image includes combined content which may include AI-generated content.
If you bought Bitcoin and other cryptos when prices were high then there’s a silver lining around the gray state of the crypto markets now: any losses you take this year could place you in a lower tax bracket.
What’s more, claiming those losses is easier than you might think. Read on to find out everything you need to know about how to file for crypto-related losses.
Filing Your Crypto Taxes 101
For the purposes of taxation, the U.S. and most other governments consider cryptocurrencies to be assets. This means that whenever you trade cryptocurrency, the transaction falls into one of two categories: a capital gain or a capital loss.
- Capital gain: A capital gain occurs when you sell cryptocurrency for more than the amount that you paid to purchase it.
- Capital loss: If you sell cryptocurrency for less than the amount that you paid for it, this is considered to be a capital loss.
You have to sell an asset to trigger a taxable gain or loss. Once you decide to make a move, tax authorities consider the loss to be “realized.” If your loss is great enough, you may reabe able to use it to enter a lower tax bracket.
Deducting Your Crypto Losses
One of the biggest benefits of claiming a loss is that you can offset income gained from other sources.
The New York Times reported on this in an article published last July:
“As on the stock market, losses can be used to offset capital gains, subject to certain rules, and losses that are not used to offset gains can be deducted—up to $3,000—from other kinds of income. Unused losses can be carried over to future years.”
In the US, the IRS lets you deduct up to $3,000 worth of net capital losses each year from the amount of money you’ve earned at your day job. If the amount you lost was greater than $3,000, you can get another deduction of up to $3,000 when you file your taxes next year.
If you currently make just over $50,000 per year, that $3,000 cryptocurrency loss could place you in a lower tax bracket. This could result in significant tax savings.
What’s more, if you’ve earned additional income through stocks or through the sale of property, there’s no limit to the amount you can deduct from those revenues.
Tax Examples
Here’s a look at the 2018 tax brackets for single individuals:
If your crypto tax loss puts you below the $38,700 mark, you’d only have to pay $952.50 plus 12% of any amount over $9,525. But if you made $38,701 or more, the flat rate is much larger.
If you’re married and filing jointly or widowed, dropping into a lower tax bracket could be even more beneficial.
How Does Crypto Mining Income Affect Taxes?
In addition to cryptocurrency traders, cryptocurrency miners can use deductions to reach lower tax brackets.
A notice that the IRS published in March of 2014 provides some relevant details:
“…when a taxpayer successfully “mines” virtual currency, the fair market value of the virtual currency as of the date of receipt is includible in gross income.”
If the value of the cryptocurrency you mined decreased and you decide to sell, then that would mean you have triggered a capital loss. You can report this loss in the same way you would if you bought and then sold your coins through an exchange.
IRS analysts told CNBC that electricity costs and other expenses may be written off as well.
In an interview with Brave New Coin, Jeff Vandrew, an Attorney, a Certified Public Accountant and a Certified Financial Planner, said that cryptocurrency miners could qualify for the Section 179 deduction:
“If you are engaged in mining cryptocurrency, so long as you are doing it on a continuous basis with the expectation of profit, it probably qualifies as a “trade or business.” If you qualify, this would allow you to take the generous Section 179 deduction, which allows you to write off the full cost of any specialized hardware you may have purchased.”
Where It Gets Complicated
Figuring out how much you’ve made or lost can be a headache, particularly if you haven’t been keeping track of your purchases, or if you placed a huge amount of trade orders last year.
Sorting out how much you lost or earned requires access to historical pricing data. Without that historical data, you won’t be able to determine what the price of your crypto asset was when you bought and sold it.
Cryptocurrency Tax Tools
Fortunately, there is software available that can crunch all of your crypto tax data for you. The tools from CSV, TaxACT, and TurboTax can import your transactions from all of your cryptocurrency wallets and exchanges. The interface walks you through how to do these imports.
At the end of the import process, you can download IRS form 8949. This is the form you need to submit to report your loss:
Watch Out for Self-Proclaimed ‘Crypto Accountants’
If you use a crypto tax calculator to do your own taxes, filing your taxes is a straightforward process. All you have to do is take the total from IRS form 8949 and transfer that to IRS form 1040 Schedule D.
In fact, most CPAs that work with crypto traders use publicly available software to determine what their clients owe. These tools are not difficult to use and many have free trials which let you see how they work for yourself before you commit.
Conclusion
If you lost money in crypto markets last year, you may be able to offset some—or perhaps even all—of those losses at tax time. Reporting your capital losses might help you move to a lower tax bracket. If your deductions qualify you for a lower bracket, filing them could save you thousands of dollars when you submit your taxes this year.
Jan. 1, 2019 03:10 UTC: Guest author revised mistakes related to math around ‘Tax Examples.’
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