Policy Reference

United States

Explore US crypto laws, including SEC and CFTC oversight, exchange rules, taxes, AML compliance, and digital asset regulation.

SEC and CFTC, with FinCEN for AML/MSB obligations

State Explorer

United States state crypto law tracker

Track state-level crypto legislation, strategic reserve proposals, licensing regimes, and enforcement frameworks.

50States tracked 41With profiles
Interactive United States map showing state-level crypto law coverage status.
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Law database

143 law profiles

Law / Bill
Draft Intro Committee Passed Enacted Effective
Texas Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and Investment Act SB 21 Effective Details Draft Draft: Completed Intro Introduced: Completed Committee In committee: Completed Passed Passed: Completed Enacted Enacted: Completed Effective Effective: Current

Sponsored by Charles Schwertner (R)

Relating to the establishment and administration of the Texas Strategic Bitcoin Reserve for the purpose of investing in cryptocurrency and the investment authority of the comptroller of public accounts over the reserve and certain other state funds.

Texas SB 21 creates a state-managed Strategic Bitcoin Reserve under the Comptroller, limiting purchases to high-market-cap crypto assets and requiring advisory, custody, audit, and biennial reporting mechanisms.

Last action: Jun 20, 2025 - Effective immediately after governor signature on June 20, 2025.

Next: Dec 31, 2026 - Biennial report deadline

Profile State source SB 21 Enrolled Bill Text
Maine Virtual Currency Kiosk Act LD 1339 / SP 553 Effective Details Draft Draft: Completed Intro Introduced: Completed Committee In committee: Completed Passed Passed: Completed Enacted Enacted: Completed Effective Effective: Current

Sponsored by Sen. Glenn “Chip” Curry (D)

An Act to Regulate Virtual Currency Kiosks

Maine law regulating virtual currency kiosks through money transmitter licensing, kiosk location disclosure, fee and transaction caps, risk disclosures, records, cybersecurity rules, and fraud-refund procedures.

Last action: Jun 12, 2025 - Governor signed emergency measure; Public Law 2025, chapter 285.

Profile State source
Maryland Virtual Currency Unclaimed Property Amendments SB 665; HB 761 Effective Details Draft Draft: Completed Intro Introduced: Completed Committee In committee: Completed Passed Passed: Completed Enacted Enacted: Completed Effective Effective: Current

Sponsored by President/Speaker by request of Comptroller

Maryland Uniform Disposition of Abandoned Property Act – Revisions

Maryland amendments to the abandoned-property statute that define virtual currency, impose a five-year dormancy rule, require pre-report liquidation and remittance of proceeds, and bar claims for post-liquidation gains.

Last action: May 20, 2025 - Governor approved SB 665 as Chapter 635 and HB 761 as Chapter 636.

Next: Oct 31, 2026 - Annual holder report deadline

Profile State source Milestone source
Montana Central Bank Digital Currency Prohibition SB 265 Effective Details Draft Draft: Completed Intro Introduced: Completed Committee In committee: Completed Passed Passed: Completed Enacted Enacted: Completed Effective Effective: Current

Sponsored by Sen. Daniel Zolnikov (R)

Financial Freedom and Innovation Act — Prohibitions on Use and Testing of Central Bank Digital Currency

Montana’s SB 265 bars state and local governing authorities from accepting, requiring, or testing a CBDC while preserving selected digital asset activities.

Last action: May 8, 2025 - Chapter number assigned.

Profile State source MCA § 30-24-103 — CBDC prohibition
Arizona HB 2749: Bitcoin and Digital Assets Reserve Fund HB 2749 Effective Details Draft Draft: Completed Intro Introduced: Completed Committee In committee: Completed Passed Passed: Completed Enacted Enacted: Completed Effective Effective: Current

Sponsored by Rep. Jeff Weninger (R)

Unclaimed property; virtual currency; security

Arizona HB 2749 creates the Bitcoin and Digital Assets Reserve Fund, updates unclaimed-property rules for digital assets, and requires abandoned digital assets to be delivered in native form to the Department of Revenue or a qualified custodian.

Last action: May 7, 2025 - Governor approved and Secretary of State filed Chapter 150.

Profile State source Chapter 150 / HB 2749 chaptered law
New Hampshire Strategic Reserve Established (HB 302) HB 302 Effective Details Draft Draft: Completed Intro Introduced: Completed Committee In committee: Completed Passed Passed: Completed Enacted Enacted: Completed Effective Effective: Current

Sponsored by Rep. Keith Ammon (R)

AN ACT relative to enabling the state treasury to invest in precious metals and digital assets.

New Hampshire HB 302 established RSA 6:8-d, authorizing limited state treasury investment in precious metals and qualifying digital assets subject to a 5% cap and custody rules.

Last action: May 7, 2025 - Signed by Governor Ayotte 05/06/2025; Chapter 4; docket action posted 05/07/2025.

Profile State source
Colorado Money Transmission Virtual Currency Regime HB25-1201 Effective Details Draft Draft: Completed Intro Introduced: Completed Committee In committee: Completed Passed Passed: Completed Enacted Enacted: Completed Effective Effective: Current

Sponsored by Rep. Bob Marshall

Colorado Money Transmission Modernization Act (Title 11, Article 110, Colorado Revised Statutes)

Colorado applies its money transmission framework to fiat-linked crypto transmission. HB25-1201 replaced the prior Money Transmitters Act with the MTMA, effective Aug. 6, 2025.

Last action: Apr 18, 2025 - Governor signed HB25-1201; session laws list Chapter 91 effective Aug. 6, 2025.

Next: Sep 1, 2030 - Sunset review and scheduled repeal

Profile State source Milestone source
North Dakota Virtual Currency Kiosk Licensing Law HB 1447 Effective Details Draft Draft: Completed Intro Introduced: Completed Committee In committee: Completed Passed Passed: Completed Enacted Enacted: Completed Effective Effective: Current

Sponsored by Steve Swiontek (R)

AN ACT to create and enact sections 13-09.1-50 through 13-09.1-54 and amend section 13-09.1-44, relating to virtual-currency kiosks

North Dakota HB 1447 requires virtual-currency kiosk operators to hold a money transmitter license and adds kiosk location, disclosure, receipt, anti-fraud, EDD, transaction-limit and live customer-service rules.

Last action: Apr 11, 2025 - Filed with Secretary of State on Apr. 11, 2025 after governor approval.

Profile State source
Utah Blockchain and Digital Innovation Amendments (HB 230) HB 230 Effective Details Draft Draft: Completed Intro Introduced: Completed Committee In committee: Completed Passed Passed: Completed Enacted Enacted: Completed Effective Effective: Current

Sponsored by Rep. Jordan D. Teuscher (R)

Blockchain and Digital Innovation Amendments

Utah H.B. 230 creates digital asset and blockchain technology provisions covering self-custody, payment acceptance, node/software activity, staking access, limited money-transmission exemptions, and mining zoning protections.

Last action: Mar 25, 2025 - Governor signed in Lieutenant Governor's office for filing.

Profile State source Enrolled Copy H.B. 230
South Dakota Uniform Unclaimed Property Act Virtual Currency Amendments HB 1196 Effective Details Draft Draft: Completed Intro Introduced: Completed Committee In committee: Completed Passed Passed: Completed Enacted Enacted: Completed Effective Effective: Current

Sponsored by Rep. Erik Muckey (D)

An Act to update Uniform Unclaimed Property Act to include provisions related to virtual currency and notice requirements.

South Dakota HB 1196 adds virtual currency to the state’s unclaimed-property framework, sets a three-year abandonment rule, and requires pre-report liquidation and remittance.

Last action: Mar 13, 2025 - Signed by the Governor on March 13, 2025 H.J. 543.

Profile State source South Dakota Session Law Chapter 183 (HB 1196)

Information is for general purposes only and not legal advice. See full disclaimer.