EU Crypto Regulation

Explore EU crypto laws, including MiCA rules, exchange licensing, stablecoin regulation, taxes, AML compliance, and digital asset oversight.

European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA)

Comprehensive framework Outside EU coverage

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All Topics AML/CFT Banking & Financial Access CBDCs & State-Issued Tokens Commodities Consumer protection Custody DAOs DeFi Disclosure & Marketing Enforcement & Asset Recovery Government Crypto Holdings Licensing Licensing & Registration Market abuse Market Structure & Regulatory Perimeter Mining Payments Privacy & Cybersecurity Privacy coins Securities Self-custody Stablecoins Staking Strategic Bitcoin Reserve Taxation Taxation & Reporting Token issuance Tokenization

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Asset Classes

All Asset Classes Accepted Virtual Assets Ancillary Assets Anonymity-Enhanced Cryptocurrencies Asset-backed securities tokens Asset-referenced tokens Asset-referenced virtual assets Bitcoin Bitcoin bonds Bitcoin ETFs Bitcoin futures Blockchain tokens CBDC CBDCs Central bank digital currencies Central bank digital currency Certain crypto-assets Controllable electronic records Convertible virtual currencies Convertible virtual currency Crypto Crypto assets Crypto contracts Crypto derivatives Crypto ETFs Crypto ETPs Crypto securities Crypto-asset securities Crypto-tokens Cryptoassets Cryptocurrencies Cryptocurrency Cryptographic assets Cryptographic instruments Custodied crypto-assets DeFi protocols Derivatives Digital asset derivatives Digital asset securities Digital assets Digital assets with legal tender status Digital commodities Digital currency Digital dollar Digital fiat Digital financial assets Digital payment representations Digital payment tokens Digital rights Digital securities Digital settlement assets Digital token Digital tokens Digital wallets DLT assets DLT financial instruments DLT securities DLT tokens DLT-based value E-money tokens Electronic money Electronic money tokens Electronic payment instruments Electronic precious metals Electronic securities ETFs Ether Exchange-traded funds Exchange-traded products Fiat Crypto Tokens Fiat currency Fiat-backed crypto assets Fiat-backed stablecoins Fiat-backed tokens Fiat-referenced stablecoins Fiat-referenced tokens Fiat-referenced virtual assets Financial assets Financial derivatives Forfeited digital assets Funds Fungible tokens Gold-backed digital currency Governance tokens Greenlisted coins Initial token offerings Investment fund interests Investment tokens Mining rewards Native crypto-assets Network tokens NFTs Non-fungible tokens Non-security tokens Open blockchain tokens Payment stablecoins Payment tokens Precious metals Prepaid Payment Instruments Privacy coins Privacy tokens Private keys Proprietary tokens Qualifying cryptoassets Qualifying stablecoins Real-world assets Relevant Stablecoins Restricted digital assets RWAs Securities Security tokens SFC-authorised investment products Shares Silver-backed digital currency Specified stablecoins Spot Bitcoin ETFs Spot virtual assets Stable digital assets Stablecoins Staking rewards Tokenised assets Tokenised deposits Tokenised fund interests Tokenised securities Tokenized assets Tokenized capital market instruments Tokenized capital markets products Tokenized commodities Tokenized financial instruments Tokenized fund units Tokenized funds Tokenized real-world assets Tokenized securities Tokenized traditional assets Tokens U.S. dollar-backed stablecoins Unbacked cryptoassets Unsecured digital assets Utility digital rights Utility tokens Value-referenced crypto assets Virtual asset ETFs Virtual asset futures Virtual asset-related products Virtual assets Virtual coins Virtual currencies Virtual currency Virtual Digital Assets Virtual financial assets Virtual payment instruments Virtual service tokens Virtual tokens

Law database

31 law profiles

Germany Banking Act Qualified Crypto Custody Business Regime

KWG § 1(1a) s. 2 no. 6; §§ 26b, 32, 46i, 65a Act Added Jul 6, 2026

Effective

Dec 30, 2024

Consumer protection Custody Licensing & Registration +2 more

German Banking Act regime for BaFin-supervised qualified crypto custody of cryptographic instruments and related private keys, with segregation...

gesetze-im-internet.de

Germany Money Laundering Act Crypto-Asset AML and Transfer Regime

GwG; BGBl. I 2017 p. 1822; FinmadiG BGBl. 2024 I No. 438 Act Added Jul 6, 2026

Effective

Dec 30, 2024

AML/CFT Licensing & Registration Payments +1 more

Germany’s GwG, as amended by FinmadiG, brings MiCA crypto-asset service providers and certain ART issuers into AML scope...

gesetze-im-internet.de

Germany Crypto-Asset Income Tax Treatment Guidance

IV C 1 - S 2256/00042/064/043 Tax guidance Added Jul 1, 2026

Effective

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DeFi Mining Staking +2 more

Germany’s 2025 BMF circular explains income tax treatment of crypto-assets, including mining, staking, lending, airdrops, ICOs, private sales,...

bundesfinanzministerium.de

EU AML Package: Regulation (EU) 2024/1624 and Directive (EU) 2024/1640

Regulation (EU) 2024/1624; Directive (EU) 2024/1640 Directive Added Jun 6, 2026

In force

Jul 9, 2024

AML/CFT Licensing & Registration Market Structure & Regulatory Perimeter +2 more

EU AML/CFT package pairing directly applicable AMLR rules for obliged entities, including CASPs, with AMLD6 national mechanisms for...

EU Transfer of Funds Regulation (TFR)

Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 Regulation Added Jun 6, 2026

In force

Dec 30, 2024

AML/CFT Payments Privacy & Cybersecurity +1 more

EU Travel Rule regulation requiring payer/payee and originator/beneficiary information to accompany fund and crypto-asset transfers, including CASP obligations...

DAC8: EU Crypto Tax Reporting Directive

Council Directive (EU) 2023/2226 Directive Added Jun 6, 2026

In force

Jan 1, 2026

Licensing & Registration Market Structure & Regulatory Perimeter Privacy & Cybersecurity +1 more

DAC8 expands EU tax administrative cooperation to crypto-assets, requiring reporting crypto-asset service providers to collect and report transaction...

EU Regulation (EU) 2023/1113

Regulation (EU) 2023/1113; CELEX 32023R1113 Regulation Added Jun 5, 2026

In force

Dec 30, 2024

AML/CFT Market Structure & Regulatory Perimeter Payments +2 more

EU Regulation 2023/1113 recasts the Transfer of Funds Regulation and applies travel-rule information requirements to transfers of funds...

DORA: EU Digital Operational Resilience Act

Regulation (EU) 2022/2554; DORA Regulation Added Jun 5, 2026

In force

Jan 17, 2025

Consumer protection Licensing & Registration Market Structure & Regulatory Perimeter +2 more

EU regulation applying from Jan. 17, 2025 that harmonizes ICT risk, incident reporting, resilience testing, ICT third-party risk...

Germany Crypto Markets Supervision Act (KMAG)

BGBl. 2024 I Nr. 438, S. 2; FNA 7610-25 Act Added Jun 4, 2026

Effective

Jul 1, 2024

Disclosure & Marketing Licensing & Registration Market abuse +2 more

Germany’s KMAG implements national supervision powers for MiCAR, designating BaFin as competent authority and setting German rules for...

France PACTE Initial Coin Offering Visa Regime

Loi n° 2019-486, art. 85; former CMF L.552-1–L.552-7 Act Added Jun 4, 2026

Effective

May 24, 2019

Consumer protection Disclosure & Marketing Licensing & Registration +2 more

France’s PACTE Law created an optional AMF visa for public offerings of utility tokens, requiring issuer, disclosure, safeguarding...

Information is for general purposes only and not legal advice. See full disclaimer.