Ukraine’s Law On Virtual Assets No. 2074-IX is national legislation establishing a framework for virtual asset ownership, services and supervision. Parliament adopted it on February 17, 2022, recorded its return with the President’s signature on March 15, and published it on March 16. As of November 3, 2026, the available legislation record identifies it as not yet in force. Its commencement depends on separate tax legislation. Legislative history; official publication; consolidated text and status.
What the virtual assets law covers
The law defines a virtual asset as an intangible object of civil rights with value, expressed through electronic data. It distinguishes unsecured assets from secured assets that certify property rights, including claims against other objects of civil rights. Financial virtual assets include specified assets issued by Ukrainian residents and backed by currency values, securities or derivative financial instruments. Articles 1 and 4.
Article 2 covers service relationships where participants have a registered location or permanent establishment in Ukraine. It also covers transactions governed by Ukrainian law, transactions between Ukrainian residents, and acquisitions by Ukrainian residents. It excludes specified electronic-money and capital-market relationships. Article 4(7) states that virtual assets are not a means of payment in Ukraine and cannot be exchanged for property, goods, work or services. These provisions describe the law’s intended framework, subject to commencement. Articles 2–4.
Ownership and service-provider permits
Article 6 links ownership to possession of an asset’s key, with exceptions for contractual custody, custody required by law or court order, and unlawfully obtained keys. It recognizes rights to possess, use and dispose of virtual assets. Article 6.
The framework covers four services performed for third parties: custody or administration of assets or keys; exchange; transfers; and intermediary services. Providers would need a separate permit for each activity. Article 19 provides for one-year permits, ownership and beneficial-owner disclosure, business-reputation checks and documented sources of capital. Capital thresholds and permit issuance fees differ by activity and resident status. Articles 18–19; Articles 1 and 10–13.
Article 9 also excludes providers with specified registration, location, ownership, management or control links to a state recognized by Parliament as an aggressor or occupying state. The restrictions extend beyond where a company is incorporated. Article 9.
Regulators, disclosures and enforcement
The National Securities and Stock Market Commission would supervise most virtual assets, issue service-provider permits and maintain the provider register. The National Bank of Ukraine would regulate the statutory category of assets backed by currency values. The law also assigns the securities commission financial-monitoring and anti-money-laundering responsibilities. Articles 16–17.
Public offers would require published information identifying the offeror, describing the assets and associated rights, explaining acquisition and disposal terms, and disclosing risks. Article 15 requires publication in Ukrainian, with additional languages permitted. Article 23 provides financial penalties for unauthorized activity, inaccurate information, reporting failures and other specified breaches. Article 15; Article 23.
Commencement and the tax-legislation dependency
Section VI makes commencement conditional on entry into force of legislation amending the Tax Code for virtual asset transactions, and no earlier than publication of this law. It separately limits Article 23 sanctions to violations committed after three months have elapsed from introduction of the provider register. That additional enforcement condition does not establish a fixed commencement date. Section VI, paragraphs 1–2.
The related Bill No. 10225-d, registered on April 24, 2025, passed its first reading on September 3, 2025. Parliament’s record checked on November 3, 2026, lists it as being prepared for second reading. Its proposals therefore remain a separate legislative development; they should not be presented as enacted provisions of Law No. 2074-IX or as proof that the 2022 framework has commenced. Bill No. 10225-d.
