Crypto Law Profile
U.S. federal bill proposing a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, a five-year Treasury Bitcoin purchase program, proof-of-reserve reporting, and custody rules for federal and state Bitcoin holdings.
The BITCOIN Act of 2025 is a United States federal bill introduced in the 119th Congress to create a statutory Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and related custody, acquisition, audit, and funding mechanisms for federal Bitcoin holdings. The profile covers Senate bill S. 954 and its House companion, H.R. 2032. As of June 3, 2026, neither measure has been enacted; Congress.gov lists both as introduced and referred to committee.
The Senate version was introduced by Sen. Cynthia Lummis on March 11, 2025, and referred to the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. The House companion was introduced by Rep. Nick Begich the same day and referred to the House Committee on Financial Services. The bill sits alongside the March 6, 2025 White House executive order establishing an executive-branch Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and United States Digital Asset Stockpile, but the bill would create additional statutory authority and purchase mechanics.
The bill would direct the Treasury Secretary to establish a decentralized network of secure Bitcoin storage facilities distributed across the United States. The reserve would be used for cold storage, private-key management, safekeeping, monitoring, and auditing of government Bitcoin holdings.
The bill would establish a Treasury Bitcoin Purchase Program to acquire 200,000 BTC per year over five years, for a total acquisition target of 1,000,000 BTC. Bitcoin transferred from federal agencies to the reserve would offset that purchase target. Purchased Bitcoin would be held in trust for the United States and deposited into the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve.
Bitcoin acquired by the United States and deposited into the reserve would be subject to a minimum 20-year holding period. During that period, the bill states that reserve Bitcoin could not be sold, swapped, auctioned, encumbered, or otherwise disposed of. Treasury would also publish annual reports on the purchase program and quarterly proof-of-reserve reports using public cryptographic attestations, supported by an independent auditor and oversight by the Comptroller General.
The bill would consolidate federal Bitcoin holdings by directing agencies, including the U.S. Marshals Service, to transfer legally titled Bitcoin to the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve rather than selling or auctioning it. It would also allow states to voluntarily store Bitcoin in segregated reserve accounts, while retaining title and assuming custody-related risks under contractual terms.
The bill proposes several funding mechanisms tied to the Federal Reserve System and Treasury. These include reducing the surplus funds Federal Reserve banks may hold, directing certain Federal Reserve remittances to the purchase program for fiscal years 2025 through 2029, revaluing gold certificates held by Federal Reserve banks, and permitting use of the Exchange Stabilization Fund for purchases made under the Act.
The bill also contains a private-property rule of construction. It states that the Act would not authorize federal seizure or impairment of lawfully acquired Bitcoin holdings, and it affirms the ability of individuals, businesses, and organizations to purchase, hold, transfer, dispose of, and self-custody Bitcoin and other digital assets in accordance with law.
| Date | Event | Status |
|---|---|---|
| March 6, 2025 | White House executive order establishes executive policy for a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve. | Published |
| March 11, 2025 | S. 954 introduced and referred to Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. | In committee |
| March 11, 2025 | H.R. 2032 introduced and referred to House Financial Services. | In committee |
No enacted date, effective date, committee hearing, markup, floor vote, or implementation deadline should be listed for the bill unless Congress.gov is updated. Editors should verify the status before publication because congressional bill status can change without advance notice.
Treasury would establish a geographically dispersed network of secure cold-storage facilities for government Bitcoin holdings.
Treasury would purchase 200,000 BTC per year for five years, with transferred federal Bitcoin offsetting the purchase target.
Reserve Bitcoin could not be sold, swapped, auctioned, encumbered, or otherwise disposed of during the minimum holding period.
Treasury would publish quarterly cryptographic attestations and use an independent auditor; GAO would conduct oversight.
Federal agencies, including the U.S. Marshals Service, would transfer legally titled Bitcoin to the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve.
States could store Bitcoin in segregated reserve accounts while retaining title and assuming custody-related risks.
The bill would use changes to Federal Reserve surplus, remittances, gold certificates, and the Exchange Stabilization Fund.
The bill states it does not authorize seizure of lawful Bitcoin holdings and affirms lawful self-custody rights.
White House order established executive policy for a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and Digital Asset Stockpile.
Senate bill introduced by Sen. Lummis and referred to Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.
House companion introduced by Rep. Begich and referred to House Financial Services.
Bitcoin holders, Federal agencies, US states
Bitcoin, Digital assets
Federal bill profile covers S. 954 and its House companion H.R. 2032. Do not present this profile as enacted law unless Congress.gov status changes.
