Crypto Law Profile

FCA Stablecoin Issuance and Cryptoasset Custody Regime

The FCA’s proposed UK rules for qualifying stablecoin issuers and cryptoasset custodians cover backing, redemption, disclosures, trust arrangements, segregation, records and reconciliation. Final rules remain pending as of June 19, 2026.

United Kingdom Proposed Agency guidance

At a glance

Current status Consultation closed; final FCA policy statement is expected in summer 2026.
Core scope UK qualifying stablecoin issuance and safeguarding of qualifying cryptoassets.
Application window FCA applications are scheduled from September 30, 2026 to February 28, 2027.
Full commencement The statutory cryptoasset regime is scheduled to commence on October 25, 2027.

Overview

CP25/14: Stablecoin issuance and cryptoasset custody is the Financial Conduct Authority’s proposed rule package for UK firms issuing qualifying stablecoins and safeguarding qualifying cryptoassets. The FCA opened the consultation on 28 May 2025 and closed it on 31 July 2025. As of 19 June 2026, the proposals are not final: the FCA says it intends to publish feedback and a Policy Statement in summer 2026. The statutory perimeter has, however, been established by the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Cryptoassets) Regulations 2026, whose substantive provisions are scheduled to commence on 25 October 2027.

Scope and legal foundation

The 2026 Regulations create regulated activities for issuing a qualifying stablecoin and safeguarding qualifying cryptoassets. The issuance activity generally captures a person that offers a qualifying stablecoin from a UK establishment, is responsible for its creation, and undertakes both redemption and maintenance of its stable value. Safeguarding covers custody on behalf of another person, including control of the means of access such as private cryptographic keys. Firms carrying on these activities within the statutory perimeter will require FCA authorisation.

CP25/14 focuses on UK-issued, fiat-referenced qualifying stablecoins and custody of qualifying cryptoassets. Stablecoins issued outside the UK are not subject to the FCA’s proposed issuance rules merely because UK consumers can access them, although a firm safeguarding those assets in the UK or for UK consumers may fall within the custody perimeter. Self-custody wallet providers that do not safeguard assets for another person are outside this proposed custody activity.

Proposed stablecoin issuance rules

The FCA proposes that qualifying stablecoins be fully backed at all times by assets equal to the value of coins minted. The proposed eligible pool centres on liquid assets, including on-demand deposits and short-dated government debt, with additional asset types permitted subject to liquidity and risk controls. Backing assets would be segregated from the issuer’s own property, held under a statutory trust for stablecoin holders, and placed with an independent third party outside the issuer’s group.

Issuers would have to offer redemption at par to all holders without a minimum redemption amount. A payment order would generally need to be placed by the end of the business day after a valid request, subject to specified exceptions. Redemption fees would need to reflect operational costs rather than pass through losses from selling backing assets. The FCA also proposes quarterly publication of the number of stablecoins and backing-asset composition, alongside clear information about technology, third parties and redemption. Issuers would remain responsible when third parties perform parts of the activity.

Proposed cryptoasset custody rules

For custody, the FCA proposes a new CASS framework requiring firms to segregate client cryptoassets and hold them under a non-statutory trust. Custodians would maintain client-specific records capable of distinguishing each client’s holdings from those of other clients and the firm. They would perform a qualifying cryptoasset reconciliation each business day, address shortfalls, and notify the FCA where required.

Third-party custody arrangements would require due diligence, periodic review, governing-body approval and written terms dealing with services, liability, trust status and restrictions on set-off. Client disclosures would explain wallet structures and associated risks, with access to current account information or at least an annual statement contemplated. CP26/4 later proposed targeted adjustments for firms combining custody with other regulated cryptoasset services, including limited commingling and trust exceptions in specified circumstances; final treatment remains pending.

Status and implementation timeline

According to the FCA’s authorisation timetable, the application period is scheduled to run from 30 September 2026 to 28 February 2027. The 2026 Regulations brought preparatory powers into force in February 2026 so the FCA could make rules, issue guidance and process applications, but the substantive regime is scheduled for 25 October 2027. Until final rules are issued and the commencement date arrives, CP25/14 should be treated as a proposed framework rather than an operative stablecoin and custody rulebook.

Key provisions

FCA authorisation perimeter

UK stablecoin issuance and safeguarding qualifying cryptoassets become regulated activities requiring FCA permission when the statutory perimeter applies.

Licensing & Registration Oct 25, 2027 Source

Full backing and liquid reserves

Issuers would maintain backing assets equal to minted stablecoins, using eligible liquid assets and controls designed to meet redemption demands.

Stablecoins Source

Statutory trust for backing assets

Backing assets would be segregated, held under a statutory trust for holders and placed with an independent third party outside the issuer’s group.

Stablecoins Source

Par redemption by next business day

All holders would receive a right to redeem at par, generally with a payment order placed by the end of the next business day after a valid request.

Consumer protection Source

Issuer disclosures

Issuers would publish coin supply and backing-asset composition at least quarterly and provide clear information on technology, third parties and redemption.

Disclosure & Marketing Source

Custody trust and segregation

Custodians would segregate client cryptoassets from their own property and hold client assets under a non-statutory trust, subject to final rules.

Custody Source

Daily records and reconciliation

Custodians would keep client-specific ownership records, reconcile qualifying cryptoassets each business day and address or report shortfalls.

Custody Source

Third-party custody controls

Third-party appointments would require due diligence, periodic review, governing-body approval and written terms on trust status, liability and set-off.

Custody Source

Timeline

  1. FCA stablecoin discussion paper published

    DP23/4 opened the FCA’s first-phase discussion on regulating fiat-backed stablecoins and custody.

    Enacted Source
  2. Treasury publishes draft statutory provisions

    HM Treasury published draft legislation defining new regulated cryptoasset activities.

    Proposed Source
  3. CP25/14 consultation opens

    The FCA sought feedback on proposed rules for qualifying stablecoin issuance and cryptoasset custody.

    Under consultation Source
  4. CP25/14 consultation closes

    The consultation period ended; the proposed rules remained subject to FCA review and finalisation.

    Proposed Source
  5. Cryptoassets Regulations made

    S.I. 2026/102 established the statutory perimeter and set full commencement for October 25, 2027.

    Enacted Source
  6. Preparatory provisions commence

    Early provisions enabled FCA rulemaking, guidance, directions and authorisation preparations.

    Partially effective Source
  7. CP26/4 consultation closes

    A later FCA consultation refined parts of the proposed cryptoasset safeguarding framework.

    Proposed Source

Who it affects

Actors

Financial Conduct Authority, HM Treasury

Asset classes

Cryptoassets, Stablecoins

Official sources

Editorial note

This profile tracks the FCA rule package proposed in CP25/14, not the whole UK cryptoasset framework. The statutory perimeter is set by S.I. 2026/102; final FCA rules remain pending as of June 19, 2026.