Crypto Law Profile

VARA Virtual Asset Issuance Rulebook

Dubai VARA rulebook governing business issuance of virtual assets, including Category 1 licensed issuances, Category 2 distributor-led issuances, exempt VAs, whitepapers, risk disclosures, and supervision powers.

United Arab Emirates Effective Regulation Jun 19, 2025

At a glance

Jurisdiction Dubai rulebook under UAE jurisdiction mapping; operative scope excludes DIFC.
Status In force from 19 Jun 2025; current version dated 19 May 2025.
Scope Applies to entities in the Emirate issuing virtual assets in the course of business.
Categories Covers Category 1, Category 2, and Exempt VA issuances with different prior requirements.

Overview

The VARA Virtual Asset Issuance Rulebook is a Dubai regulatory rulebook for entities that issue virtual assets in the Emirate in the course of business. As of June 16, 2026, VARA lists the current rulebook as effective from June 19, 2025, with the current version dated May 19, 2025.

The rulebook sits within Dubai’s virtual asset regulatory framework and is issued by the Dubai Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority under the Virtual Assets and Related Activities Regulations 2023. The wider Dubai virtual asset legal framework applies across the Emirate, including free zones, while excluding the Dubai International Financial Centre.

Key Provisions of the VARA Virtual Asset Issuance Rulebook

The rulebook divides virtual asset issuances into three broad categories: Category 1 VA Issuances, Category 2 VA issuances, and Exempt VAs. Category 1 covers fiat-referenced virtual assets, asset-referenced virtual assets, and other assets VARA may determine, and requires a VARA Licence before issuance. Category 2 covers non-Category 1, non-exempt issuances; the issuer does not require a VARA licence, but placement or distribution must be carried out through or by a Licensed Distributor. Exempt VAs include certain non-transferable and redeemable closed-loop virtual assets, with no prior issuance requirement, subject to the rulebook’s conditions.

The rulebook also prohibits issuance of anonymity-enhanced cryptocurrencies and all related virtual asset activities in the Emirate. That provision maps the rulebook to CryptoSlate topics for token issuance, privacy coins, licensing, disclosures, and stablecoin-style asset categories.

Whitepapers, Risk Disclosures, and Issuer Conduct

For non-exempt issuances, VARA requires issuers to publish both a Whitepaper and a Risk Disclosure Statement. The rulebook states that the Whitepaper must provide relevant disclosures in a single, easily accessible location and remain accurate and complete while the virtual asset is available to the public.

General issuer conduct rules address integrity, honesty, fairness, diligence, capabilities and resources, effective communications, legal compliance, and environmental responsibility. Category 1 issuers face additional requirements, including compliance with the Company Rulebook, Compliance and Risk Management Rulebook, Technology and Information Rulebook, and Market Conduct Rulebook, in addition to the VA Issuance Rulebook.

Supervision, Enforcement, and Guidance

VARA retains supervisory, examination, and enforcement powers over all categories covered by the VA Issuance Rulebook. The rulebook states that VARA may require an issuer to suspend issuance or further issuance if VARA believes the virtual asset, the issuance, or the issuer does not comply with the rulebook, and may impose additional conditions or take further enforcement action.

VARA later published official guidance dated April 9, 2026. The guidance explains the application of the VA Issuance Rulebook, including licensing requirements, whitepaper disclosures, and additional compliance requirements for issuers of asset-referenced virtual assets. The guidance states that it is indicative and is not a substitute for the Regulations, Rulebooks, Directives, or independent legal advice.

Status and Jurisdictional Impact

For CryptoSlate profile purposes, the rulebook should be treated as an in-force Dubai regulatory rulebook mapped to the United Arab Emirates jurisdiction term, with an editorial note that its operative scope is Dubai, excluding DIFC. This profile is a legal-reference summary only and does not provide legal, tax, compliance, investment, or trading advice.

Key provisions

Business issuance scope

Entities in the Emirate issuing a virtual asset in the course of business must comply with the VA Issuance Rulebook.

Token Issuance Jun 19, 2025 Source

Anonymity-enhanced asset prohibition

The rulebook states that issuing anonymity-enhanced cryptocurrencies and related VA activities are prohibited in the Emirate.

Privacy coins Jun 19, 2025 Source

Issuance categories

Issuances are categorized as Category 1, Category 2, or Exempt VAs, with different licensing, distribution, or prior-approval consequences.

Licensing Jun 19, 2025 Source

Category 1 licensing

Category 1 VA Issuance, including FRVAs and ARVAs, requires a VARA Licence and compliance with applicable compulsory rulebooks and annexes.

Stablecoins Jun 19, 2025 Source

Whitepapers and risk disclosures

Non-exempt issuers must publish both a Whitepaper and Risk Disclosure Statement; Category 1 issuers face added disclosure obligations.

Disclosure Jun 19, 2025 Source

Supervision and enforcement

VARA may require suspension of issuance, impose conditions, request records, and take enforcement action for rulebook non-compliance.

Enforcement Jun 19, 2025 Source

Timeline

  1. Initial rulebook version

    VARA lists V.1 of the Virtual Asset Issuance Rulebook as dated 7 February 2023.

    Enacted Source
  2. Second version listed

    VARA lists V.2 of the rulebook as dated 19 September 2023.

    Enacted Source
  3. Third version listed

    VARA lists V.3 of the rulebook as dated 1 October 2024.

    Enacted Source
  4. Current version dated

    The current PDF version of the VA Issuance Rulebook is dated 19 May 2025.

    Enacted Source
  5. Current version effective

    VARA’s rulebook page lists the current VA Issuance Rulebook as effective from 19 June 2025.

    In force Source
  6. Official guidance published

    VARA published guidance explaining application of the VA Issuance Rulebook.

    Enacted Source

Who it affects

Actors

Dubai Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority, Government of Dubai, Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA)

Asset classes

Anonymity-Enhanced Cryptocurrencies, Asset-referenced virtual assets, Fiat-referenced virtual assets, Virtual assets

Official sources

Editorial note

Mapped as an in-force non-U.S. regulation. Jurisdiction taxonomy uses United Arab Emirates, but the operative scope is Dubai, excluding DIFC. The 2025 rulebook is listed by VARA as effective from 19 June 2025, while the PDF current version is dated 19 May 2025.